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基于Nios驱动的ADF4156的BeMicro FPGA方案

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资料介绍

This version (26 Jan 2021 01:29) was approved by Robin Getz.The Previously approved version (15 Feb 2013 15:52) is available.

BeMicro FPGA Project for ADF4156 with Nios driver

Supported Devices

ADF4156

Evaluation Boards

EVAL-ADF4156SD1Z

Overview

This lab presents the steps to setup an environment for using the EVAL-ADF4156SD1Z evaluation board together with the BeMicro SDK USB stick, the Nios II Embedded Development Suite (EDS) and the Micrium µC-Probe run-time monitoring tool. Below is presented a picture of the EVAL-ADF4156SD1Z Evaluation Board with the BeMicro SDK Platform.

For component evaluation and performance purposes, as opposed to quick prototyping, the user is directed to Analog Devices System Demonstration Platform (SDP). The SDP consists of a:

a controller board, like the EVAL-SDP-CS1Z (SDP-S)
an compatible Analog Devices SDP product evaluation board
corresponding PC software

The EVAL-SDP-CS1Z controller board is Serial Interfaces Only, low cost, reduced functionality controller board. It has a USB to Serial Engine at its core. It connects to the PC through a USB 2.0 high speed port. The SDP-S has a single 120 pin connector and exposes SPI, I2C and GPIO interfaces to connected SDP daughter boards.

The EVAL-ADF4156SD1Z is designed to allow the user to evaluate the performance of the ADF4156 frequency synthesizer for phase-locked loops (PLLs).

The ADF4156 is a 6.2 GHz fractional-N frequency synthesizer that implements local oscillators in the upconversion and down-conversion sections of wireless receivers and transmitters. It consists of a low noise digital phase frequency detector (PFD), a precision charge pump, and a programmable reference divider. There is a Σ-Δ based fractional interpolator to allow programmable fractional-N division. The INT, FRAC, and MOD registers define an overall N divider (N = (INT + (FRAC/MOD))). The RF output phase is programmable for applications that require a particular phase relationship between the output and the reference. The ADF4156 also features cycle slip reduction circuitry, leading to faster lock times without the need for modifications to the loop filter.

More information

ADF4156 Product Info - pricing, samples, datasheet
EVAL-ADF4156SD1Z evaluation board user guide
BeMicro SDK
Nios II Embedded Development Suite (EDS)
Micrium uC-Probe

Getting Started

The first objective is to ensure that you have all of the items needed and to install the software tools so that you are ready to create and run the evaluation project.

Hardware Items

Below is presented the list of required hardware items:

Arrow Electronics BeMicro SDK FPGA-based MCU Evaluation Board
BeMicro SDK/SDP Interposer adapter board
EVAL-ADF4156SD1Z evaluation board
Intel Pentium III or compatible Windows PC, running at 866MHz or faster, with a minimum of 512MB of system memory

Software Tools

Below is presented the list of required software tools:

Quartus II Web Edition design software v11.0
Nios II EDS v11.0
uC-Probe run-time monitoring tool, version 2.5

The Quartus II design software and the Nios II EDS is available via the Altera Complete Design Suite DVD or by downloading from the web.

The Micrium uC/Probe Trial version 2.5 is available via download from the web at http://micrium.com/tools/ucprobe/trial/. After installation add to the “Path” system variable the entry “%QUARTUS_ROOTDIR%/bin/“ on the third position in the list.

Downloads

Lab Design Files

Extract the Lab Files

Create a folder called “ADIEvalBoardLab” on your PC and extract the ADF4156_EvalBoardLab.zip archive to this folder. Make sure that there are NO SPACES in the directory path. After extracting the archive the following folders should be present in the ADIEvalBoardLab folder: FPGA, Software, ucProbeInterface, NiosCpu.

Install the USB-Blaster Device Driver

After the Quartus II and Nios II software packages are installed, you can plug the BeMicro SDK board into your USB port. Your Windows PC will find the new hardware and try to install the driver.

Since Windows cannot locate the driver for the device the automatic installation will fail and the driver has to be installed manually. In the Device Manager right click on the USB-Blaster device and select Update Driver Software.

In the next dialog box select the option Browse my computer for driver software. A new dialog will open where it is possible to point to the driver’s location. Set the location to altera//quartus/drivers/usb-blaster and press Next.

If Windows presents you with a message that the drivers have not passed Windows Logo testing, please click “Install this driver software anyway”. Upon installation completion a message will be displayed to inform that the installation is finished.

15 Sep 2011 15:23

Quick Evaluation

The next sections of this lab present all the steps needed to create a fully functional project that can be used for evaluating the operation of the ADI platform. It is possible to skip these steps and load into the FPGA an image that contains a fully functional system that can be used together with the uC-Probe interface for the ADI platform evalution. The first step of the quick evaluation process is to program the FPGA with the image provided in the lab files. Before the image can be loaded the Quartus II Web Edition tool or the Quartus II Programmer must be installed on your computer. To load the FPGA image run the program_fpga.bat batch file located in the ADIEvalBoardLab/FPGA folder. After the image was loaded the system must be reset. Now the FPGA contains a fully functional system and it is possible to skip directly to the DEMONSTRATION PROJECT USER INTERFACE section of this lab.

15 Sep 2011 15:43

FPGA Design

The lab is delivered together with a set of design files that are used to evaluate the ADI part. The FPGA image that must be loaded into the BeMicroSDK FPGA is included in the design files. This section presents the components included in the FPGA image and also the procedure to load the image into the FPGA.

FPGA Components

The following components are implemented in the FPGA design:

Name	Address	IRQ
CPU	800	-
Main PLL	80	-
JTAG UART	90	0
uC-Probe UART	A0	1
EPCS FLASH CONTROLLER	1800	2
OnChip RAM	10000	-
LED GPIO	100	-
SPI_0_P0	2000	4
SPI_1_P0	2040	6
GPIO	2080	-
CTRL GPIO	20A0	-
SPI_0_P1	0	5
SPI_1_P1	20	7
SYS ID	40	-
TIMER	60	3
I2C_0	C0	8
I2C_1	E0	9

Load the FPGA Image

To load the FPGA image the following steps must be performed:

Plug in the BeMicroSDK Stick into a USB port
Start Altera Quartus Web edition and start the programmer by selecting the menu option Tools→Programmer
Select Add File and select the file ADIEvalBoardLab/FPGA/SDP1_bemicro2.jic
Check the Program/Configure box and press Start

After finishing, the image is permanently loaded to the configuration Flash and the system will start with a blinking LED after reset or power up.

15 Sep 2011 15:47

NIOS II Software Design

This section presents the steps for developing a software application that will run on the BeMicroSDK system and will be used for controlling and monitoring the operation of the ADI evaluation board.

Create a new project using the NIOS II Software Build Tools for Eclipse

Launch the Nios II SBT from the Start → All Programs → Altera → Nios II EDS 11.0 → Nios II 11.0 Software Build Tools for Eclipse (SBT).

NOTE: Windows 7 users will need to right-click and select Run as administrator. Another method is to right-click and select Properties and click on the Compatibility tab and select the Run This Program As An Administrator checkbox, which will make this a permanent change.

1. Initialize Eclipse workspace

When Eclipse first launches, a dialog box appears asking what directory it should use for its workspace. It is useful to have a separate Eclipse workspace associated with each hardware project that is created in SOPC Builder. Browse to the ADIEvalBoardLab directory and click Make New Folder to create a folder for the software project. Name the new folder “eclipse_workspace”. After selecting the workspace directory, click OK and Eclipse will launch and the workbench will appear in the Nios II perspective.

2. Create a new software project in the SBT

Select File → New → Nios II Application and BSP from Template.

Click the Browse button in the SOPC Information File Name dialog box.
Select the uC.sopcinfo file located in the ADIEvalBoardLab/FPGA directory.
Set the name of the Application project to “ADIEvalBoard”.
Select the Blank Project template under Project template.
Click the Finish button.

The tool will create two new software project directories. Each Nios II application has 2 project directories in the Eclipse workspace.

The application software project itself - this where the application lives.
The second is the Board Support Package (BSP) project associated with the main application software project. This project will build the system library drivers for the specific SOPC system. This project inherits the name from the main software project and appends “_bsp” to that.

Since you chose the blank project template, there are no source files in the application project directory at this time. The BSP contains a directory of software drivers as well as a system.h header file, system initialization source code and other software infrastructure.

Configure the Board Support Package

Configure the board support package to specify the properties of this software system by using the BSP Editor tool. These properties include what interface should be used for stdio and stderr messages, the memory in which stack and heap should be allocated and whether an operating system or network stack should be included with this BSP.
Right click on the ADIEvalBoard_bsp project and select Nios II → BSP Editor… from the right-click menu.

The software project provided in this lab does not make use of an operating system. All stdout, stdin and stderr messages will be directed to the jtag_uart.

Select the Common settings view. In the Common settings view, change the following settings:
- Select the jtag_uart for stdin, stdout and stderr messages. Note that you have more than one choice.
- Select none for the sys_clk_timer and timestamp_timer.

Select File → Save to save the board support package configuration to the settings.bsp file.
Click the Generate button to update the BSP.
When the generate has completed, select File → Exit to close the BSP Editor.

Configure BSP Project Build Properties

In addition to the board support package settings configured using the BSP Editor, there are other compilation settings managed by the Eclipse environment such as compiler flags and optimization level.

Right click on the ADIEvalBoard_bsp software project and select Properties from the right-click menu.
On the left-hand menu, select Nios II BSP Properties.
During compilation, the code may have various levels of optimization which is a tradeoff between code size and performance. Change the Optimization level setting to Level 2
Since our software does not make use of C++, uncheck Support C++.
Check the Reduced device drivers option
Check the Small C library option
Press Apply and OK to regenerate the BSP and close the Properties window.

Add source code to the project

In Windows Explorer locate the project directory which contains a directory called Software. In Windows Explorer select all the files and directories from the Software folder and drag and drop them into the Eclipse software project ADIEvalBoard.

Select all the files and folders and drag them over the ADIEvalBoard project in the SBT window and drop the files onto the project folder.

A dialog box will appear to select the desired operation. Select the option Copy files and folders and press OK.

This should cause the source files to be physically copied into the file system location of the software project directory and register these source files within the Eclipse workspace so that they appear in the Project Explorer file listing.

Configure Application Project Build Properties

Just as you configured the optimization level for the BSP project, you should set the optimization level for the application software project ADIEvalBoard as well.

Right click on the ADIEvalBoard software project and select Properties from the right-click menu.
On the left-hand menu, select the Nios II Application Properties tab
Change the Optimization level setting to Level 2.
Press Apply and OK to save the changes.

Define Application Include Directories

Application code can be conveniently organized in a directory structure. This section shows how to define these paths in the makefile.

In the Eclipse environment double click on my_include_paths.in to open the file.
Click the Ctrl and A keys to select all the text. Click the Ctrl and C keys to copy all the text.

Double click on Makefile to open the file.
If you see the message shown here about resources being out of sync, right click on the Makefile and select Refresh.

Select the line APP_INCLUDE_DIRS :=

Click the Ctrl and V keys to replace the selected line with the include paths.

Click the Ctrl and S keys to save the Makefile.

Compile, Download and Run the Software Project

1. Build the Application and BSP Projects

Right click the ADIEvalBoard_bsp software project and choose Build Project to build the board support package.
When that build completes, right click the ADIEvalBoard application software project and choose Build Project to build the Nios II application.

These 2 steps will compile and build the associated board support package, then the actual application software project itself. The result of the compilation process will be an Executable and Linked Format (.elf) file for the application, the ADIEvalBoard.elf file.

2. Verify the Board Connection

The BeMicroSDK hardware is designed with a System ID peripheral. This peripheral is assigned a unique value based on when the hardware design was last modified in the SOPC Builder tool. SOPC Builder also places this information in the .sopcinfo hardware description file. The BSP is built based on the information in the .sopcinfo file.

Select the ADIEvalBoard application software project.
Select Run → Run Configurations…
Select the Nios II Hardware configuration type.
Press the New button to create a new configuration.
Change the configuration name to BeMicroSDK and click Apply.
On the Target Connection tab, press the Refresh Connections button. You may need to expand the window or scroll to the right to see this button.
Select the jtag_uart as the Byte Stream Device for stdio.
Check the Ignore mismatched system ID option.
Check the Ignore mismatched system timestamp option.

3. Run the Software Project on the Target

To run the software project on the Nios II processor:

Press the Run button in the Run Configurations window.

This will re-build the software project to create an up–to-date executable and then download the code into memory on the BeMicroSDK hardware. The debugger resets the Nios II processor, and it executes the downloaded code. Note that the code is verified in memory before it is executed.

The code size and start address might be different than the ones displayed in the above screenshot.

12 Sep 2011 11:39

uC-Probe Interface

A notable challenge in embedded systems development is to overcome the lack of feedback that such systems typically provide. Many developers resort to blinking LEDs or instrumenting their code with printf() in order to determine whether or not their systems are running as expected. Micrium provides a unique tool named µC-Probe to assist these developers. With this tool, developers can effortlessly read and write the variables on a running embedded system. This section presents the steps required to install the Micrium uC-Probe software tool and to run the demonstration project for the ADI evaluation board. A description of the uC-Probe demonstration interface is provided.

Configure uC-Probe

Launch uC-Probe from the Start → All Programs → Micrium → uC-Probe.

Select uC-Probe options.

Click on the uC-Probe icon on the top left portion of the screen.
Click on the Options button to open the dialog box.

Set target board communication protocol as JTAG UART

Click on the Communication tab icon on the top left portion of the dialog box
Select the JTAG UART option.

Setup JTAG UART communication settings

Select the JTAG-UART option from the Communication tab.
Press the Open File button to select the JTAG Debug Information file (.jdi)
Navigate to the ADIEvalBoardLab/FPGA folder and select the BeMicroSDK.jdi file. Press Open.
Type the value 1 in the the Device Id window.

Select uCProbe_uart(0) from the Instance Id pulldown menu.

Press Apply and OK to exit the options menu. The embedded target has two UARTs. uC-Probe will be communicating with the uCProbe_uart.

Load and Run the Demonstration Project

Click the Open option from the uC-Probe menu and select the file ADIEvalBoardLab/ucProbeInterface/ADF4156_Interface.wsp.

Before opening the interface uC-Probe will ask for a symbols file that must be associated with the interface. If the lab was done according to the steps provided in the Quick Evaluation section, select the file ADIEvalBoardLab/ucProbeInterface/ADIEvalBoard.elf to be loaded as a symbol file, otherwise select the file ADIEvalBoardLab/FPGA/software/ADIEvalBoard/ADIEvalBoard.elf to be loaded as a symbol file.

Run the demonstration project by pressing the Play button.

Demonstration Project User Interface

The following figure presents the uC-Probe interface that can be used for monitoring and controlling the operation of the EVAL-ADF4156SD1Z evaluation board.

Section A allows for the communication with the board to be activated / deactivated by toggling the ON/OFF switch. The Activity LED turns green when the communication is active. Before pressing the ON/OFF switch, make sure you select the desired Device Initialization Procedure. If the ON/OFF switch is set to ON and the Activity LED is BLACK it means that there is a communication problem with the board. See the Troubleshooting section for indications on how to fix the communication problems.

Sections B allows the application of newly selected configuration. All the registers should be configured before pressing the Apply button. The order in which the registers are programmed after pressing Apply is R4, R3, R2, R1, R0.

Sections C to G allow for configuration of each register on the ADF4156.

Section C allows for the configuration of the FRAC/INT register.

Section D allows for the configuration of the PHASE register.

Sections E allows for the configuration of the MOD/R register.

Sections F allows for the configuration of the FUNCTION register.

Sections G allows for the configuration of the CLK DIV register.

Troubleshooting

In case there is a communication problem with the board the follwing actions can be perfomed in order to try to fix the issues:

Check that the evaluation board is powered.
Check that the USB connection cable is properly connected to the device and to the computer and that the USB Blaster Device Driver driver is installed correctly. If the deriver is not correctly installed perform the steps described in the Getting Started → Install te USB-Blaster Device Driver section.
In uC-Probe right-click on the System Browser window select Remove Symbols. A dialog box will open to select the symbols to remove. Press OK to remove the symbols.

After removing the symbols a new set of symbols must be added in order for the interface to be functional. In uC-Probe right-click on the System Browser window select Add Symbols. A dialog box will open to select the symbols to be added. If the lab was done according to the steps provided in the Quick Evaluation section, select the file ADIEvalBoardLab/ucProbeInterface/ADIEvalBoard.elf to be loaded as a symbol file, otherwise select the file ADIEvalBoardLab/FPGA/software/ADIEvalBoard/ADIEvalBoard.elf to be loaded as a symbol file.